Scientists have revealed that learning a second language could help keep dementia at bay for years. According to a long-known truth, individuals who speak two languages tend to develop dementia an average of 5.4 years later than those who only speak their native language, independent of factors such as work and education. However, why this benefit is so crucial has been a mystery to experts for a long time. Now, through MRI imaging studies, scientists demonstrate more clearly the changes that occur in the brains of multilingual individuals.

As reported by DailyMail; Dr. Natalie Phillips from McGill University in Montreal stated that the findings suggest speaking a second language can increase brain size, thereby providing more brain reserve. Phillips emphasized that individuals with larger brain size and reserve can withstand more damage before reaching the threshold that would lead to dementia. Research shows that multilingual individuals have more cells in the language areas of their brains, and the volume of regions associated with learning and emotional functions increases. Additionally, it was found that speaking another language enhances brain efficiency and adaptability. Phillips mentioned that when the brain shrinks due to dementia, it is capable of using different pathways to access the same information.

Switching between two languages is believed to contribute to cognitive functions such as decision-making, planning, and attention, strengthening these skills. In a study conducted in September, Phillips and her team discovered the connection between bilingualism and brain health. Brain health can help the brain withstand diseases more effectively.

In another study conducted in 2024, individuals with early or late-stage Alzheimer’s disease who spoke two languages were compared to those who spoke only one language. MRI scans showed that multilingual dementia patients experienced much less decline in brain activity related to memory and learning compared to monolingual individuals. However, researchers noted that this difference lay in the strengthening of brain regions rather than the size.

Prof. Ellen Bialystok from York University stated, “Bilingualism does not prevent but delays dementia.” She explained that bilingual individuals experience faster decline once they start showing cognitive issues but the process begins later. This extra time could provide significant opportunities for families in the caregiving process.

Experts point out that only 10% of the population in the UK can speak multiple languages. Nevertheless, experts stress that it is never too late, stating that learning a new language in adulthood still contributes to brain health.

Prof. Victoria Marian from Northwestern University in Illinois is researching the positive effects of learning a new language in adults. Experts claim that the longer a second language is spoken, the more stimulation the brain receives.

According to the Alzheimer’s Society, there are currently around 982,000 dementia patients in the UK, with this number expected to rise to 1.4 million by 2040. However, the NHS estimates that approximately 40% of dementia cases are preventable. Experts suggest lifestyle changes such as weight loss, more exercise, and quitting smoking can help prevent these conditions.