Colon cancer is a major concern due to being the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis is crucial, and recognizing symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain can be life-saving. Regular screenings and making healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce the risk. Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system. It typically starts as small, benign clusters of cells called polyps that can potentially turn into cancer over time. However, not all polyps become malignant, but the ones that do often grow quietly and show very few signs until the disease progresses.

Factors that increase the risk of colon cancer include age, a family history of colorectal cancer, personal history, alcohol consumption, smoking, lifestyle, and obesity. Early symptoms can deceptively mild and often be mistaken for other conditions. According to the CDC, men have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer and dying from it compared to women. According to the American Cancer Society, some symptoms include:

– A change in bowel habits lasting longer than a few days, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool
– Feeling the need for a bowel movement that does not relieve itself with a bowel movement
– Rectal bleeding with bright red blood
– Blood in the stool, appearing dark brown or black
– Cramps or abdominal (belly) pain
– Weakness and fatigue
– Unexplained weight lossRegular screening can assist in early detection. The CDC states that precancerous polyps can be identified through colorectal cancer screening, therefore they can be removed before turning into cancer. This helps prevent colorectal cancer. Screening can also detect colorectal cancer early when treatment works best. The healthcare facility also suggests that lifestyle changes, according to some studies, can reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.

– Increasing physical activity
– Maintaining a healthy weight
– Following a diet low in animal fats and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
– Limiting alcohol consumptionTreatment for colon cancer depends on the size and spread of the cancer. Treatment may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.