Colorectal cancer is emerging as a rapidly increasing health concern worldwide in recent years. Colorectal Surgeon Dr. David Liska, renowned for his research in this field, shares crucial insights about the growing incidence of cancer in young ages. Dr. Liska underscores why young individuals are increasingly affected by this disease and emphasizes the need to follow a specific approach in combatting it. Highlighting a trend they noticed approximately a decade ago, Dr. Liska mentions that while colorectal cancer typically affects individuals over 50 years of age, there has been a rise in cases among those in their 30s and 20s in recent years.

Addressing the alarming rise of early-onset colorectal cancer (colon cancer seen in individuals under 50), Dr. Liska points out that this trend is not a statistical anomaly and leads to serious consequences. Colorectal cancer stands out as the second most significant cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and globally. Despite being a disease that can be treated with surgical intervention if detected early, in young people, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to individuals ignoring their symptoms or not undergoing regular screenings at an early age. Early diagnosis increases the chances of successful treatment, but disregarding cancer symptoms poses a significant risk.

Colorectal cancer symptoms include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. Additionally, the presence of blood in the stool, especially bright red or dark blood, could be a significant warning sign. Dr. Liska notes that these symptoms are commonly mistaken for more common conditions like hemorrhoids or irritable bowel syndrome. Factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, a diet rich in red and processed meats, physical inactivity, and obesity are among the primary risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, Dr. Liska states that the increase in cases among young individuals is also observed in those who do not adhere to these typical lifestyle factors. This indicates the complexity of environmental exposures and different factors contributing to the rise in colorectal cancer.

Some studies suggest that microplastics accumulating in the colon may lead to inflammation and potentially contribute to the development of cancer cells. Although this area is not yet fully understood, it highlights the significance of environmental risk factors. Some cases of colorectal cancer are based on genetic factors. Genetic diseases such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are among the main causes of early-onset colorectal cancer. A family history of these diseases necessitates regular screening tests and genetic testing. Individuals with a family history are advised to undergo genetic testing and screenings such as colonoscopy before the age of 45.

The treatment of colon cancer in young individuals requires a specialized approach. Genetic tests and personalized treatment plans are vital throughout the treatment process. Dr. Liska emphasizes the importance of addressing all aspects of the treatment process, including the psychological and social support needed by young patients. Additionally, considerations should be made for the financial burden of cancer treatment and its impact on reproductive health.

Early-onset colorectal cancer poses a significant public health issue resulting from the interaction of environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors. To halt the increase in cancer cases at a young age, the development of personalized screening strategies and careful attention to symptoms for early diagnosis are crucial. A multidisciplinary approach during the treatment process and tailored support for the unique needs of young patients will help increase survival rates.