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Formation of a newborn star captured step by step

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) investigated the formation of a newborn star step by step with unprecedented details. The JWST continues to provide unique images of the universe. Recently, a mesmerizing image of the HH30 protostar was captured. This object was initially spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope, but thanks to the advanced technology of the JWST, HH30 was studied with never-before-seen details. Located in the Taurus constellation, approximately 450 light-years away from Earth, this system hidden inside the dark molecular cloud LDN1551 harbors a newborn star surrounded by a dense gas and dust disk. HH30 is classified as a Herbig-Haro object, a bright nebula. These types of nebulae are formed when fast ionized gas jets from new stars collide with interstellar matter. The powerful infrared sensors of the JWST allowed for a detailed analysis of HH30’s structure. The images show a cone-shaped outflow composed of gas and dust ejected from the protostar as well as a very narrow jet stream. Through the sensitive instruments of the JWST, the movements of dust particles in the protostar could be tracked. While the JWST unveiled the dynamics of the outflowing gas and dust in HH30’s structure, the ALMA telescope determined how dust particles are distributed in different sizes throughout the system. The findings revealed that larger dust particles move within the disk to form a thin layer, a critical stage in planet formation. Dust particles come together to create larger rocks and eventually planets. The examinations indicated the presence of a narrow, fast jet emanating from the center of HH30, surrounded by a broader, cone-shaped gas flow. These observations not only shed light on the formation of HH30 but also provide crucial information about the birth of the solar system and other planetary systems. These detailed observations conducted with the JWST and other telescopes contribute significantly to understanding how stars and planets form.

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