Fossils found in Poland by archaeologists show that early human communities resorted to cannibalism to survive, especially during times of war. Upon examination with 3D microscopy, clear signs of brain and marrow consumption were identified in the bones.

Fossils discovered in a cave in Poland by archaeologists revealed that early Europeans engaged in cannibalism.

The remains indicate that approximately 18,000 years ago, cannibalism took place during times of war, with instances of even consuming the brains of their enemies.

In a study published in Scientific Reports, cut marks were identified on bones examined with 3D microscopy, suggesting efforts to access nutritious organs like the brain and marrow.

Researchers suggest that these marks indicate that individuals consumed each other not only for ritual purposes but also for survival. Deliberate fractures for skin removal and marrow extraction are particularly evident in skulls and long bones.

The presence of animal remains alongside the bones in the study indicates that humans and animals may have been hunted and consumed simultaneously. Francesc Marginedas from Rovira i Virgili University stated, “Cut marks and deliberate fractures clearly demonstrate the use of bodies as a source of nutrition.” Researchers believe that increased post-Last Glacial Maximum population and resource competition may have triggered intergroup violence and cannibalism during wars.